In classical physics, a particle encountering a barrier it does not have sufficient energy to overcome is reflected. It bounces back. It cannot pass through. The barrier is absolute. The energy is...
In classical physics, a particle encountering a barrier it does not have sufficient energy to overcome is reflected. It bounces back. It cannot pass through. The barrier is absolute.
The energy is insufficient. The particle stays on its side. End of story. In quantum mechanics, the story has a different ending.
The particle, encountering a barrier it does not have sufficient energy to overcome, does not always bounce back.
Sometimes - with a probability that is calculable, measurable, and experimentally confirmed - the particle appears on the other side of the barrier. Not over it. Not around it. Through it.