In 1801, Thomas Young performed the double-slit experiment and demonstrated that light behaves as a wave - producing interference patterns on a detection screen when passed through two parallel...
In 1801, Thomas Young performed the double-slit experiment and demonstrated that light behaves as a wave - producing interference patterns on a detection screen when passed through two parallel slits.
The experiment was elegant, decisive, and appeared to settle the debate about the nature of light. Light is a wave. Case closed.
Except the case was reopened a century later when quantum mechanics revealed something that shattered Young's elegant conclusion: when you fire individual photons through the double slit and try to detect which slit each photon passes through, the interference pattern disappears.
The photon behaves as a particle when observed and as a wave when unobserved. The act of observation changes the behavior of the system being observed. This is the observer effect.